Brian Pippard

For the engineer named Alfred John Sutton Pippard, see Alfred Pippard.
Brian Pippard

Brian Pippard
Born September 7, 1920(1920-09-07)
Died September 21, 2008(2008-09-21) (aged 88)
Institutions University of Cambridge
Notable students Brian David Josephson
Notable awards Fellow of the Royal Society

Sir Alfred Brian Pippard, ScD, FRS (7 September 1920, Earl's Court, London – 21 September 2008, Cambridge)[1], was a British physicist. He was Cavendish Professor of Physics from 1971 until 1984 and an Honorary Fellow of Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, of which he was the first President. He was educated at Clifton College.

Pippard demonstrated the reality (as opposed to a mere abstract concept) of Fermi surface in metals by establishing the shape of the Fermi surface in copper through measuring the reflection and absorption of microwave electromagnetic radiation[2] (see the anomalous skin effect[3]). He also introduced the notion of coherence length in superconductors in his proposal for the non-local generalisation of the London equation[4] concerning electrodynamics in superfluids and superconductors. The non-local kernel proposed by Pippard[5][6][7] (inferred on the basis of Chambers' non-local generalisation of the Ohm law) can be deduced within the framework of the BCS (Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer) theory of superconductivity[8] (a comprehensive description of the details of the London-Pippard theory can be found in the book by Fetter and Walecka[9]).

Pippard was the author of Elements of Classical Thermodynamics for Advanced Students of Physics,[10] Dynamics of Conduction Electrons,[11] and The Physics of Vibration.[12] He is also a co-author of the three-volumes encyclopaedia Twentieth Century Physics.[13] As the Cavendish Professor of Physics at Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, he instituted Cavendish Problems in Classical Physics[14] as a part of the examination of the graduating students of physics in Cambridge.

Pippard was the doctoral supervisor of Brian David Josephson (awarded PhD in Physics in 1964) who in 1973 received the Nobel Prize in Physics (together with Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever) for his discovery of what is known as the Josephson effect.[15]

References

  1. ^ Longair, M. S.; Waldram, J. R. (2009). "Sir Alfred Brian Pippard. 7 September 1920 -- 21 September 2008". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 55: 201–220. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2009.0014.  edit
  2. ^ Pippard, A. B. (1957). "An Experimental Determination of the Fermi Surface in Copper". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 250 (979): 325–357. doi:10.1098/rsta.1957.0023.  edit
  3. ^ N. W. Ashcroft, and N. D. Mermin, Solid State Physics (Thompson Learning, Inc., London, 1976), Chapter 14, Measuring the Fermi Surface, p. 277, Anomalous Skin Effect. ISBN 0030839939. See Classical skin depth.
  4. ^ F. London, Superfluids, Vol. I: Macroscopic Theory of Superconductivity (Dover Publications, New York, 1961), p. 152.
  5. ^ Waldram, J. R.; Pippard, A. B.; Clarke, J. (1970). "Theory of the Current-Voltage Characteristics of SNS Junctions and other Superconducting Weak Links". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 268 (1188): 265–287. doi:10.1098/rsta.1970.0075.  edit
  6. ^ Pippard, A. B. (1964). "Quantization of Coupled Orbits in Metals II. The Two-Dimensional Network, with Special Reference to the Properties of Zinc". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 256 (1072): 317–355. doi:10.1098/rsta.1964.0008.  edit
  7. ^ Pippard, A. B. (1955). "Trapped Flux in Superconductors". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 248 (941): 97–129. doi:10.1098/rsta.1955.0011.  edit
  8. ^ J. Bardeen, L. N. Cooper, and J. R. Schrieffer, Theory of Superconductivity, Phys. Rev., Vol. 108, No. 5, pp. 1175-1204 (1957). APS (Free Download)
  9. ^ A. L. Fetter, and J. D. Walecka, Quantum Theory of Many-Particle Systems (Dover Publications, New York, 2003), Chapter 13, Superconductivity, Section 49, London-Pippard Phenomenological Theory. ISBN 0486428273.
  10. ^ A. B. Pippard, Elements of Classical Thermodynamics for Advanced Students of Physics (Cambridge University Press, 1957). ISBN 0521091012.
  11. ^ A. B. Pippard, Dynamics of Conduction Electrons, Documents on Modern Physics (Gordon & Beach, 1965).
  12. ^ A. B. Pippard, The Physics of Vibration (Cambridge University Press, 2007). ISBN 0521033330.
  13. ^ Laurie M. Brown, Abraham Pais, and Brian Pippard, Twentieth Century Physics (Institute of Physics Publishing, 1995): Vol. I, 808 p., ISBN 0750303530, Vol. II, 808 p., ISBN 0750303549, Vol. III, 960 p., ISBN 0750303557.
  14. ^ A. B. Pippard, Cavendish Problems in Classical Physics (Pamphlet) (Cambridge University Press, 1962). A. B. Pippard, Cavendish Problems in Classical Physics (Pamphlet), 64 p. (Cambridge University Press, 1971).
  15. ^ B. D. Josephson, Possible new effects in superconductive tunnelling, Phys. Lett., Vol. 1, pp. 251-253 (1962).

Obituaries

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